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Assertion Reasoning 5% in CMAT Type of Questions G Strategy

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Assertion Reasoning 5% in CMAT Type of Questions

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) questions test your ability to understand cause-and-effect relationships. You are given two statements and must decide if they are true and if the second explains the first. This is often the most confusing category because candidates get stuck deciding if the explanation is the “correct” explanation. A similar variant is “Statement I and Statement II,” where you just judge the truthfulness of two independent sentences.

G Strategy for CMAT Assertion Reasoning Questions:

  • The “Independent Truth” Protocol: First, ignore the relationship. Treat (A) and (R) as two separate True/False questions. Read (A): Is it a fact? Read (R): Is it a fact? If either is false, you instantly jump to the options that say “A is false” or “R is false,” saving massive time.
  • The “Because” Bridge: If—and only if—both statements are true, you must check the relationship. Read Assertion (A), add the word “BECAUSE”, and then read Reason (R). Does the sentence make logical sense as a whole?
    • Example: “Ice floats on water (A) BECAUSE Ice is less dense than water (R).” -> Makes sense. Correct explanation.
    • Example: “Ice floats on water (A) BECAUSE Water is colorless (R).” -> Both true, but the “Because” bridge fails. Not the correct explanation.
CMAT 2025 Slot 1 Assertion Reasoning Questions

CMAT 2025 Slot 1 Assertion Reasoning Questions

32. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Cotton is grown in alluvial soils.
Reason (R): Alluvial soils are very fertile.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: D
Rationale: Assertion (A) is generally considered false in the specific context of ideal crop matching because Cotton is best grown in Black Soil (also known as Regur soil), not primarily Alluvial soil. Reason (R) is true; Alluvial soils are indeed very fertile.
55. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Articles are very important words in English and so is their knowledge.
Reason (R): Two or more pronouns joined by “and” require a plural verb.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: B
Rationale: Both statements are factually true in the context of English grammar rules. However, the rule about pronouns (R) has no logical connection to the importance of articles (A). Therefore, B is the correct choice.
81. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): The management of technological innovation is usually required under circumstances with increased vagueness, uncertainty and risk, and companies are giving importance to it.
Reason (R): Given that technological innovation is for many companies a primary way of competition in the twenty-first century, its management is an activity of vital importance.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  2. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  3. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
  4. (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
Correct Option: A
Rationale: Assertion A states that companies prioritize innovation management due to risk/uncertainty. Reason R explains why they give it importance (because it is a primary competitive tool). R provides the justification for the importance mentioned in A.
82. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): Bootstrapping entrepreneurship is one of the most adopted forms of entrepreneurship in India.
Reason (R): Managing a business through one’s own financial resources is the first and easiest option available for the entrepreneur to start a business.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
  4. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
Correct Option: A
Rationale: Bootstrapping is common (A) precisely because (R) it is the most accessible (“first and easiest”) option for new entrepreneurs who may not have access to external funding immediately.
83. Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): As India moves progressively towards becoming a global knowledge economy, it must meet the rising aspirations of its youth. This can be partially achieved through a focus on the advancement of skills that are relevant to the emerging economic environment.
Reason (R): 62% of India’s population is in the working age group (15-59 years), and more than 54% of the total population is below 25 years of age. Our country presently faces a dual challenge of paucity of a highly trained workforce as well as non-employability of the large workforce of the conventionally educated youth.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are correct, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  2. Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A).
  3. (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct.
  4. (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct.
Correct Option: A
Rationale: Assertion A calls for skill advancement to meet youth aspirations in a knowledge economy. Reason R provides the demographic data (youth population stats) and the specific problem (unemployability) that necessitates the action proposed in A.
CMAT 2025 Slot 2 – Assertion & Reasoning

CMAT 2025 Slot 2: Assertion & Reasoning

Logical Reasoning
27. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): Seeds should be treated with fungicide solution before being sown.
Reason (R): Seeds do not germinate, unless treated with fungicide solution.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: C
Rationale: Assertion (A) is true because treating seeds protects them from diseases. However, Reason (R) is false because seeds can germinate without fungicide; treatment is a protective measure, not a biological requirement for germination.

Language Comprehension
52. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): The sentence “Without saying a word, Ashraf ran away from home, in great haste” is a simple sentence.
Reason (R): A simple sentence contains a main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: C
Rationale: Assertion (A) is true (single independent clause). Reason (R) is false because a simple sentence has no subordinate clauses; the definition provided describes a complex sentence.

General Awareness
70. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): There is a coalition government in the State of Maharashtra in India.
Reason (R): No single party could secure majority in the house in recent elections of the Maharashtra State.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: B
Rationale: Both statements are factually correct. However, the coalition government was formed primarily due to political alliances (pre/post-poll strategies) rather than solely as a forced reaction to a hung assembly. Thus, R is not the strict explanation for A.

Innovation & Entrepreneurship
86. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): Venture capital investment helps nurture innovative entrepreneurship in India.
Reason (R): The venture capital investment is a risk financing generally available in the form of equity or quasi-equity for supporting startups.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: B
Rationale: Both statements are true. However, defining what VC is (Reason) does not fully explain the mechanism of how or why it nurtures entrepreneurship (Assertion).
87. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): Apart from ‘Mind Mapping’, ‘Reverse thinking’, etc., technology has made it easier to generate quality ideas.
Reason (R): “Ideas are the building blocks for all innovation… so the first step… is finding that idea. We must make use of the different tools and techniques…”
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: A
Rationale: The Reason explains the necessity of using tools (including technology mentioned in A) because ideas are fundamental to innovation. Thus, R justifies the claim in A.
91. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): ‘Scaling a business’ means expanding the company to serve more customers.
Reason (R): A small, specialised market segment is known as a niche market.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
  3. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
  4. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Option: B
Rationale: Both statements are correct definitions. However, defining a “niche market” does not explain the concept of “scaling”. They are unrelated concepts in this context.
99. Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): Business accelerators are set up with the primary objective to offer mentorship and resources to speed up the growth of startups.
Reason (R): Most of the startups face difficulties and challenges in their growth stage.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: A
Rationale: The Reason explains the need for business accelerators. Because startups face difficulties in the growth stage (R), accelerators are created to solve this problem (A).
CMAT 2024 Slot 1 – Assertion & Reasoning

CMAT 2024 Slot 1: Assertion & Reasoning

General Awareness (Science)
Difficulty: Easy
Ques: Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): A person with blood group O is supposed to be a universal donor.
Reason (R): Group O does not contain any antigens.
  1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  3. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  4. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct Option: 1
Rationale: Assertion Check: Blood group O negative is indeed the universal donor. (True)
Reason Check: Type O blood lacks antigens A and B on the red blood cells. (True)
Link Check: Because there are no antigens to trigger an immune response in the recipient, it can be donated safely. The Reason correctly explains the Assertion.
Difficulty: Easy
Ques: Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): The boiling point of water is higher at high altitudes.
Reason (R): The atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes.
  1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  3. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  4. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct Option: 4
Rationale: Assertion Check: At high altitudes, the boiling point of water decreases (water boils at lower than 100°C) because there is less pressure pushing down on the liquid. Therefore, Assertion is False.
Reason Check: Atmospheric pressure decreases as altitude increases. This is True.

Innovation & Entrepreneurship
Difficulty: Easy
Ques: Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): Small businesses are considered important to economic development.
Reason (R): Small businesses can be innovators of new products and provide specialist support to larger companies.
  1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  3. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  4. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct Option: 1
Rationale: Assertion Check: Small businesses are universally accepted as drivers of economic growth. (True)
Reason Check: They do provide innovation and support services. (True)
Link Check: Why are they important? Because they innovate and support the larger ecosystem. The reason validates the importance claimed in the assertion.

Language Comprehension (Grammar)
Difficulty: Moderate
Ques: Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): The sentence “The details of the incident was not known” does not adhere to the requirement of subject-verb agreement and is grammatically incorrect.
Reason (R): In “Noun + Preposition + Noun” constructions, the verb agrees with the number and person of the noun preceding the preposition.
  1. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  2. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
  3. Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
  4. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Correct Option: 1
Rationale: Assertion Check: The sentence uses “was” (singular) for “details” (plural). It is indeed grammatically incorrect. (True)
Reason Check: The rule states the “Head Noun” (the one before the preposition) controls the verb. (True)
Link Check: The assertion claims the sentence is wrong because it fails the specific rule cited in the Reason.
CMAT 2024 Slot 2 – Assertion & Reasoning

CMAT 2024 Slot 2: Assertion & Reasoning

Logical Reasoning
Ques 1: Given below are two statements (Assertion-Reason):
Assertion (A): Tides indicate the regular and periodic rise and fall in the sea level.
Reason (R): Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sea level.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: 1
Rationale: Both statements are factually correct. Tides are indeed the periodic rise/fall of sea levels (Assertion). The primary scientific cause for this phenomenon is the gravitational interaction between the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun (Reason). Therefore, R explains A correctly.

Language Comprehension
Ques 2: Consider the sentence “I wish it were possible.”
Assertion (A): Despite the fact that the above sentence lacks subject-verb concord, as per the English Grammar, it is a syntactically correct sentence.
Reason (R): It is a syntactically correct sentence because in subjunctive mood (of verb) even singular subject is followed by a plural verb.
  1. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
  2. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the correct explanation of (A)
  3. (A) is true but (R) is false
  4. (A) is false but (R) is true
Correct Option: 1
Rationale: The sentence uses the Subjunctive Mood, which is used to express wishes, hypothetical situations, or conditions contrary to fact. In this mood, the verb ‘were’ is used with singular subjects (I, he, she, it) instead of ‘was’. Thus, Reason (R) correctly explains why Assertion (A) is valid.

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