CMAT 2026: Logical Reasoning
Section B: Logical Reasoning (Questions 21 – 40)
Find the missing number (?) in the following arrangement:
Top: 152
Second Row: 97, 17, 3
Third Row: 13
Fourth Row: 40
Fifth Row: 30
Sixth Row: ?
Bottom Rows: 5, 6, 4, 5, 13, 12
(Visual Structure based on typical pyramid/tree puzzles)
Top: 152
Second Row: 97, 17, 3
Third Row: 13
Fourth Row: 40
Fifth Row: 30
Sixth Row: ?
Bottom Rows: 5, 6, 4, 5, 13, 12
(Visual Structure based on typical pyramid/tree puzzles)
Correct Option: 3 (120)
Rationale: This puzzle typically follows a pattern where a number is derived from the nodes connected to it. Looking at the bottom: 5, 6 -> 30 (since \(5 \times 6 = 30\)). Following the product relationship for the next branch: \(30 \times 4 = 120\). In these visual puzzles, a node is often the product of its branches. Therefore, the missing number is 120.
Rationale: This puzzle typically follows a pattern where a number is derived from the nodes connected to it. Looking at the bottom: 5, 6 -> 30 (since \(5 \times 6 = 30\)). Following the product relationship for the next branch: \(30 \times 4 = 120\). In these visual puzzles, a node is often the product of its branches. Therefore, the missing number is 120.
Consider the following information and answer the question given below:
‘P # Q’ means ‘P is the father of Q’;
‘P + Q’ means ‘P is the mother of Q’;
‘P – Q’ means ‘P is the brother of Q’;
‘P * Q’ means ‘P is the sister of Q’.
Which of the following shows that A is the aunt of E?
‘P # Q’ means ‘P is the father of Q’;
‘P + Q’ means ‘P is the mother of Q’;
‘P – Q’ means ‘P is the brother of Q’;
‘P * Q’ means ‘P is the sister of Q’.
Which of the following shows that A is the aunt of E?
Correct Option: 2 (A * B # C * D – E)
Rationale: A * B: A is the sister of B (A is Female).
B # C: B is the father of C.
C * D: C is the sister of D.
D – E: D is the brother of E.
B is the father of C, D, and E. Since A is the sister of B (the father), A is the Paternal Aunt of E.
Rationale: A * B: A is the sister of B (A is Female).
B # C: B is the father of C.
C * D: C is the sister of D.
D – E: D is the brother of E.
B is the father of C, D, and E. Since A is the sister of B (the father), A is the Paternal Aunt of E.
A pair of words is given below, which have a certain relationship with each other:
Hope : Aspire
Select a correct option that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.
Hope : Aspire
Select a correct option that has the same relationship as the original pair of words.
Correct Option: 2 (Fib : Lie)
Rationale: “Hope” and “Aspire” are synonyms. Similarly, “Fib” and “Lie” are synonyms (a fib is a trivial lie).
Rationale: “Hope” and “Aspire” are synonyms. Similarly, “Fib” and “Lie” are synonyms (a fib is a trivial lie).
What will be the next term in the following series?
C4X, F9U, I16R, _____
C4X, F9U, I16R, _____
Correct Option: 1 (L25O)
Rationale:
1st Letter: C(3) + 3 = F(6); F(6) + 3 = I(9); I(9) + 3 = L(12).
Number: 2², 3², 4²; Next is 5² = 25.
2nd Letter: X(24) – 3 = U(21); U(21) – 3 = R(18); R(18) – 3 = O(15).
Rationale:
1st Letter: C(3) + 3 = F(6); F(6) + 3 = I(9); I(9) + 3 = L(12).
Number: 2², 3², 4²; Next is 5² = 25.
2nd Letter: X(24) – 3 = U(21); U(21) – 3 = R(18); R(18) – 3 = O(15).
The consonants of English alphabet have been coded by using digits 1 to 8.
Rules:
1. If any vowel is not in the beginning or last, it is coded as 6.
2. If any vowel is at the beginning only or in last only, it is coded as 9.
3. If the vowel is placed at both beginning and last, it is coded as $ at both places.
Choose the correct form of the combination of letters ENIANGE (where G=5, N=4).
Rules:
1. If any vowel is not in the beginning or last, it is coded as 6.
2. If any vowel is at the beginning only or in last only, it is coded as 9.
3. If the vowel is placed at both beginning and last, it is coded as $ at both places.
Choose the correct form of the combination of letters ENIANGE (where G=5, N=4).
Correct Option: 2 ($46645$)
Rationale: Word starts and ends with ‘E’ (Vowel) → Use ‘$’ (Rule 3).
Middle vowels ‘I’ and ‘A’ → Code as ‘6’ (Rule 1).
Consonants N=4, G=5. Result: $ 4 6 6 4 5 $.
Rationale: Word starts and ends with ‘E’ (Vowel) → Use ‘$’ (Rule 3).
Middle vowels ‘I’ and ‘A’ → Code as ‘6’ (Rule 1).
Consonants N=4, G=5. Result: $ 4 6 6 4 5 $.
Pointing to a photograph, Varun said, “She is the mother of my son’s wife’s daughter.” How is Varun related to the lady?
Correct Option: 4 (Father-in-law)
Rationale: “My son’s wife’s daughter” is Varun’s granddaughter. The mother of his granddaughter is his daughter-in-law. Varun is her father-in-law.
Rationale: “My son’s wife’s daughter” is Varun’s granddaughter. The mother of his granddaughter is his daughter-in-law. Varun is her father-in-law.
Statement: Some hills are rivers. Some rivers are deserts. All deserts are roads.
Conclusions:
I. Some roads are rivers.
II. Some roads are hills.
III. Some deserts are hills.
Conclusions:
I. Some roads are rivers.
II. Some roads are hills.
III. Some deserts are hills.
Correct Option: 1 (Only I follows)
Rationale: Since all Deserts are Roads, the part of Rivers that overlaps with Deserts must overlap with Roads. No direct connection is established between Roads and Hills.
Rationale: Since all Deserts are Roads, the part of Rivers that overlaps with Deserts must overlap with Roads. No direct connection is established between Roads and Hills.
In the figure, rectangle, square, circle and triangle represent apple, orange, grapes and watermelon cultivation. Which area is cultivated by grapes and watermelon and nothing else?
Correct Option: 3 (Number 4)
Rationale: Area 4 is strictly within the intersection of the Circle (Grapes) and Triangle (Watermelon), excluding other shapes.
Rationale: Area 4 is strictly within the intersection of the Circle (Grapes) and Triangle (Watermelon), excluding other shapes.
Seven persons A-G sit in a straight line facing north. Only two sit between F and G. G is 2nd left of B. D is 3rd left of C. E sits exactly between G and B. B is at the extreme right end. Who sits in the middle?
Correct Option: 2 (C)
Rationale: Row order: [D, F, A, C, G, E, B]. The 4th position (middle) is C.
Rationale: Row order: [D, F, A, C, G, E, B]. The 4th position (middle) is C.
Statement: Should there be a complete ban on use of all types of chemical pesticides in India?
Arguments:
I. Yes, they pollute water and are health hazards.
II. No, pests will destroy crops and farmers will have nothing.
Arguments:
I. Yes, they pollute water and are health hazards.
II. No, pests will destroy crops and farmers will have nothing.
Correct Option: 2 (Only II is strong)
Rationale: While I is factually true, a “complete ban” is unfeasible due to the immediate risk of crop failure and food insecurity.
Rationale: While I is factually true, a “complete ban” is unfeasible due to the immediate risk of crop failure and food insecurity.
Angle between two hands of the clock at 3.15 P.M. is:
Correct Option: 4 (7° 30′)
Rationale: Angle = |30H – 5.5M| = |30(3) – 5.5(15)| = |90 – 82.5| = 7.5° = 7° 30′.
Rationale: Angle = |30H – 5.5M| = |30(3) – 5.5(15)| = |90 – 82.5| = 7.5° = 7° 30′.
How many triangles does the following figure have?
Correct Option: 2 (21)
Rationale: Counting base triangles in the diagonals (8) + internal diamond intersections results in 21.
Rationale: Counting base triangles in the diagonals (8) + internal diamond intersections results in 21.
The number of pentagons in the adjoining figure are:
Correct Option: 1 (12)
Rationale: 1 outer + 1 inner central + 10 irregular pentagons formed by star-arm intersections = 12.
Rationale: 1 outer + 1 inner central + 10 irregular pentagons formed by star-arm intersections = 12.
Select from the options, the box that can be formed by folding the sheet shown in the figure.
Correct Option: (Based on net logic)
Rationale: Opposite faces in a T-net are separated by one square. They cannot be adjacent on the folded cube.
Rationale: Opposite faces in a T-net are separated by one square. They cannot be adjacent on the folded cube.
P # Q: Father | P + Q: Mother | P – Q: Brother | P * Q: Sister
Given, A + B # C – D, then A is D’s…
Given, A + B # C – D, then A is D’s…
Correct Option: 4 (Grand mother)
Rationale: B is father of C and D. A is mother of B. Therefore, A is D’s grandmother.
Rationale: B is father of C and D. A is mother of B. Therefore, A is D’s grandmother.
Find the missing number (?) in the following figure:
31, 17, 50, 87 / 68, 18, 69, 56 / 90, 23, 70, 50 / 11, 142, 11, ?
31, 17, 50, 87 / 68, 18, 69, 56 / 90, 23, 70, 50 / 11, 142, 11, ?
Correct Option: 1 (7)
Rationale: Each column sums to 200. Col 4: 87 + 56 + 50 + ? = 200 → 193 + ? = 200 → ? = 7.
Rationale: Each column sums to 200. Col 4: 87 + 56 + 50 + ? = 200 → 193 + ? = 200 → ? = 7.
Assertion [A]: Pressure cookers are fitted with Ebonite handles.
Reason [R]: Ebonite is a good conductor of heat.
Reason [R]: Ebonite is a good conductor of heat.
Correct Option: 3
Rationale: Ebonite is a bad conductor (insulator), which is why it is used for handles.
Rationale: Ebonite is a bad conductor (insulator), which is why it is used for handles.
If ‘POND’ is coded as ‘RSTL’, how will ‘HEAR’ be written?
Correct Option: 4 (JIGZ)
Rationale: P(+2)R, O(+4)S, N(+6)T, D(+8)L. Applying same to HEAR: H(+2)J, E(+4)I, A(+6)G, R(+8)Z.
Rationale: P(+2)R, O(+4)S, N(+6)T, D(+8)L. Applying same to HEAR: H(+2)J, E(+4)I, A(+6)G, R(+8)Z.
A is 18th from front. B is 16th from end. C is 25th from front and exactly in middle of A and B. Total persons?
Correct Option: 1 (47)
Rationale: Gap A-C = 7. Gap C-B = 7. B from front = 25+7=32. Total = (32+16)-1 = 47.
Rationale: Gap A-C = 7. Gap C-B = 7. B from front = 25+7=32. Total = (32+16)-1 = 47.
A man faces West. He turns 45° clockwise, 180° clockwise, and 270° anti-clockwise. Which direction is he facing?
Correct Option: 4 (South-West)
Rationale: Net movement = +45 + 180 – 270 = -45° (ACW). West → 45° ACW = South-West.
Rationale: Net movement = +45 + 180 – 270 = -45° (ACW). West → 45° ACW = South-West.
